1. Isoelectric point:
It is the pH at which +ve and – ve charges on zwitter ion are equal. Example amino acid exists as zwitter ion at pH = 5.5 to 6.3.
2. Mutarotation:
It is a spontaneous change in optical rotation when an optically active substance is dissolved in water. Example α – glucose, when dissolved in water, then its optical rotation changes from 1110 to 52.5°.
3. Enzymes:
Enzymes are biocatalysts which speeds up the reactions in biosystems. They are highly specific and selective in their action. Chemically all enzymes are proteins.
