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Explain the industrial preparation of benzene from coal tar.

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Coal tar is a viscous liquid obtained by the pyrolysis of coal. During fractional distillation, coal tar is heated and distills away its volatile compounds, namely, benzene, toluene, xylene in the temperature range of 350 K to 443 K. These vapours are collected at the upper part of the fractionating column.

Name of the fraction Temperature Range Name of the component
1. Crude light oil 350-443 K Benzene, Toluene, Xylene
2. Middle oil 443 - 503 K Phenol, Nephthalene
3. Heavy oil 503 - 543 K Naphthalene, Cresol
4. Green oil 543 - 633 K Anthrance
5. Pitch oil 633 K Residue

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by (128 points)

Coal tar is a viscous liquid obtained by the pyrolysis of coal. During fractional distillation, coal tar is heated and distills away its volatile compounds namely benzene, toluene, xylene in the temperature range of 350 to 443 K. These vapours are collected at the upper part of the fractionating column (Table 13.5.)

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