Gandhi’s Principles was based on Truth and Non – violence.
1. He organised the movements adopting the technique of Satyagraha.
2. A true Satyagraha will have strong determination and won’t giveup his protest in Ahimsa way and ready to sacrifice his life.
3. Three important movements were led by Gandhiji.
4. Non – cooperation movement
5. Civil Disobedience movement
6. Quit India Movement
Non – Cooperation Movement: Resolution was passed in the Calcutta session of Indian National Congress on September 1920.
No – tax campaign and boycott of foreign goods and institutions were effective.
1. At Bardoli in 1922 Gandhi announced no – tax campaign. He made nation – wide tour.
2. Thousands joined the movement left their Government jobs. Trade unions and workers actively participated.
3. Peasants enhanced Gandhi as a national leader.
4. A mass procession was conducted by the peasants at Chauri chaura a village near Gorakhpur (Uttarpradesh) provoked by the police turned in to violence, burnt police station killing 22 policemen.
5. Gandhi was upset and suspended non – cooperation movement and abstain himself from the activities of congress for two years.
Civil Disobedience Movement:
Pooma Swaraj was declared by Nehru at Lahore session of congress in 1930.
1. 26th January 1930 was declared as Independence day and pledge was taken to attain Pooma Swaraj Non – violently through Civil Disobedience Movement.
2. The Indian National Congress authorised Gandhi to launch the movement.
3. A charter of demands presented to the viceroy Lord Irwin comply by 31 January 1930, One of the demand was Abolition of Salt tax.
4. The viceroy did not respond to the demands Gandhi launched the ‘Civil Disobedience Movement”.
5. The inclusion of abolition of salt tax was an tactful brilliant decision.
6. Tax on salt affected every section of the society.
7. With 78 of his followers Gandhi left Sabarmathi Ashram on 12th March 1930 to Dandi a coastal town to defy salt law.
8. Hundreds of people joined the procession .
9. At the age of 61 Gandhi covered a distance of 241 miles by foot to reach Dandi in 24 days.
10. Reached Dandi on 5th April 1930 at sunset.
11. Gandhi took handful of salt from the coast thus breaking the salt law.
12. This March was famously known as Dandi March. Gandhi was arrested.
Quit India Movement:
1. The all India congress committee met at Bombay on 8th April 1942 passed famous ‘Quit India Resolution’
2. Main reason regarding: transfer of power to Indians failure of cripps mission war* time shortages, price rise,
Gandhi gave a call “Do (or) Die”.
Gandhi said ‘‘We shalTeither .free India or die in the cause attempt: We shall not live to see the perpetuation of our slavery?’.
“Gandhi and other congress leaders were arrested”.
