1. The solubility of a substance at a given temperature is defined as the amount of the solute that can be dissolved in 100 g of the solvent at a given temperature to form a saturated solution.
2. Factors influencing solubility
(a) Nature of solute and solvent: Sodium chloride, an ionic compound readily dissolves in polar solvent such as water but it does not dissolve in non polar solvent such as benzene. Most of the organic compounds dissolve in organic solvent and do not dissolve in water.
(b) Effect of temperature: Generally, the solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent increases with increase in temperature. The dissolution of NaCl does not vary as the maximum solubility is achieved at normal temperature.
The dissolution of ammonium nitrate is endothermic, the solubility increases with increase in temperature. The dissolution of eerie sulphate is exothermic and the solubility decreases with increase of temperature. In the case of gaseous solute in liquid solvent the soluhility decreases with increase in temperature.
Effect of pressure:
Generally the change in pressure does not have any significant effect in the solubility of solids and l? quids as they are not compressible. However, the solubility of gases generally increases with increase of pressure.
