a. Hoarding
Hoarding is an example of consumer exploitation. Consumer exploitation is taking advantage of consumers. The term "hoarding" may include the practice of obtaining and holding resources to create artificial scarcity, thus reducing the supply, to increase the price, so that they can be sold to customers for profit.
b. Adulteration
It is the process of mixing or substituting identical and undesirable materials in the food items. This will cause heavy loss to the consumers and also leads to many diseases while consuming undesirable commodities. For example Mixing of bricks powder in chilli powder, because both are identical and the consumer cannot differentiate it.