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Describe the role of fertilizers and irrigation in improving crop yield. Mention any one effect of each if it used in excess.

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Role of fertilizers in improving crop yield is as follows: 

•There are certain nutrients required by plants in certain fixed amounts. Fertilizers play important role in the improvement of crop production by providing these nutrients to the crops. They supply nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus to the plants. 

•Fertilizers by providing appropriate nutrients ensure healthy growth of plants. 

•They also increase the yield of the plants by ensuring healthy growth. 

Effect of using fertilizers in excess can cause water pollution. When excess fertilizers are supplied to the soils and they are not absorbed by the plants and when irrigation is performed, the fertilizers get washed away and get accumulated in different water sources. By affecting the natural properties of water, fertilizers cause water pollution. 

Role of irrigation in improving crop yield is as follows:

Plants require water at some stages and providing water for them at that duration keeps the plant healthy. Water is the basic requirement of the plant as it also helps in food making process i.e. photosynthesis. 

If we will completely rely on rain for providing water to the plant's crops might get affected because rain is a probable kind of thing which is not fixed. So, due to this, the plant will not grow in a healthy manner as it will not get water at an appropriate time. 

Since different irrigation method help in providing water to the plants at appropriate time irrigation plays important role in maintaining healthy growth of crops. 

Effect of excess irrigation is as follows: 

Excess irrigation is also harmful as due to this crop will get harmed due to excess water and water logging.

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