(i) Formation of F, molecule: Fluorine atom has one half-filled atomic orbital.
Therefore, two atoms of fluorine combine to form the fluorine molecule.
Formation of F2 molecule
(ii) Formation of HF molecule: HF molecule is formed as a result of the combination of half-filled orbitals belonging to hydrogen and fluorine.
Formation of HF molecule
(iii) Formation of O2 molecule: Each oxygen atom has two half-filled orbitals. Two such atoms will combine a molecule of O2.
Formation of O2 molecules
(iv) Formation of H2O molecule: Oxygen has two half-filled orbitals. Thus, it combines with two hydrogen atoms.
Formation of H2O molecules
(v) Formation of N2 molecule: Each nitrogen atom has 3 half-filled orbitals. Thus, two nitrogen atoms combine to form triple bond.
Formation of N2 molecule