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On the basis of orbital concept, explain the formation of following molecules F2, HE, H2O, O2, N2O.

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(i) Formation of F, molecule: Fluorine atom has one half-filled atomic orbital. 

Therefore, two atoms of fluorine combine to form the fluorine molecule.

Formation of F2 molecule

(ii) Formation of HF molecule: HF molecule is formed as a result of the combination of half-filled orbitals belonging to hydrogen and fluorine.

Formation of HF molecule

(iii) Formation of O2 molecule: Each oxygen atom has two half-filled orbitals. Two such atoms will combine a molecule of O2.

Formation of O2 molecules

(iv) Formation of H2O molecule: Oxygen has two half-filled orbitals. Thus, it combines with two hydrogen atoms.

Formation of H2O molecules

(v) Formation of N2 molecule: Each nitrogen atom has 3 half-filled orbitals. Thus, two nitrogen atoms combine to form triple bond.

Formation of N2 molecule

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