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How would you justify the presence of 18 elements in the 5th period of the periodic table?

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5th period of the periodic table corresponds to n = 5. It involves the filling of one 5s, five 4d and three 5p orbitals. The total number of orbitals available are 9. Hence, total 18 electrons can be accommodated in these orbitals. Therefore, 18 elements are present in 5th period.

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