1. The imaginary lines which are drawn horizontally on East – West direction on the Earth are called the lines or parallels of latitudes.
2. The 0° line of latitude which divides the Earth into two halves is known as the Equator.
3. From the equator, parallel lines are drawn towards the North and South Poles at equal intervals.
4. The latitudinal extent between 1° line of latitude on Earth is 111 km.
5. Since the Earth is geoid shaped, the length of the lines of latitude decreases from the equator towards the south and North poles.
6. The lines of latitude that are drawn horizontally between the equator and the North Pole are called Northern latitudes.
7. Those which are found between the equator and the South Pole are called Southern Latitudes.
8. The area of the Earth found between the Equator (0°) and the North Pole (90°N) is called the Northern Hemisphere.
9. The area of the Earth from the equator (0°) to the South Pole (90°S) is called the Southern Hemisphere.
