1. Network Layer:
It is the layer where data is addressed, packaged, and routed among networks.
The important Internet protocols that operate at the Network layer are:
2. Internet Protocol (IP):
Routable protocol which uses IP addresses to deliver packets. It is an unreliable protocol, does not guarantee delivery of information.
3. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP):
Resolves IP addresses to MAC (Medium Access Control) addresses. (A MAC address is a hardware identification number that uniquely identifies each device on a network.)i.e., to map IP network addresses to the hardware addresses.
4. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP):
Used by network devices to send error messages and operational information. Example: A host or router might not be reached or a requested service is not presented.
5. Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP):
It is a communication protocol used by hosts and routers to send Multicast (group Communication) messages to multiple IP addresses at once.
6. port Layer:
The sessions are recognized and data packets are swapped between hosts in this layer.
Two main protocols established at this layer are:
7. Mission Control Protocol (TCP):
Provides reliable connection oriented trAnswer:mission between two hosts. It ensures delivery of packets between the hosts.
8. User Datagram Protocol (UDP):
Provides connectionless, unreliable, one-to-one or one- to-many delivery
