A. Biometrics:
Biometrics refers to the unique characteristics of a human being to recognize an individual such as fingerprints, face recognition, iris, retina, etc. Biometrics are used to record attendance Eg. In banks employee login is restricted by using fingerprint readers.
B. Robotics:
It is a branch of scientific study associated with the design, manufacturing and control the movements of the robots. Robotics are used in all areas.
C. Computer vision:
The world is changed from 2-dimensional images to 3 dimensional. 3D TVs are available in the market. Multiple cameras are used to capture the images and merge them to form 3D pictures. 3D scanners are used in the Medical field to diagnose the diseases.
D. Natural Language Processing:
It deals with how computers communicate just like a human being communicate naturally. Natural languages are languages spoken by the people. To achieve this ability to communicate like a human being is a laborious task. NLP is further be classified into two, Natural Language Understanding (NLU) and Natural Language Generation (NLG).
- NLU- The ability to understand the languages like English, Malayalam, etc.
- NLG- It is deal with creation of output, i.e. generate words and giving reply.
E. Automatic Speech Recognition(ASR):
To login some computers, laptops, tabs, smartphones, etc, and to open some gates, doors, etc you have say the password orally. The computer recognizes the speech and opens the device to them. Such devices are working based upon NLP technology and this system is called Automatic Speech Recognition(ASR) system.
To implement this system the requirements are a mica or a telephone and convert the oral instruction into written text. Examples are Apple iOS, Google, etc.
F. Optical Character Recognition(OCR) and Handwritten Character Recognition Systems. (HCR):
It is used to read text from a paper as an image and translate this image into a form that computer can manipulate. For example, if we want to enter the text contents of a book by typing using a keyboard will take more time. Instead of this by using OCR and HCR we can easily do this. OCR is expensive. HCR system reads handwritten texts and converts it into computer-readable form.
G. Bioinformatics: It is a computer technology to the management of biological information. By the help of a computer analyse the fingerprints, DNA, iris, retina, etc and identifying the concerned person.
Three goals of bioinformatics.
1. Organise
2. Develop tools
3. Analysis
H. Geographical Information System:
Geosynchronous satellite moves at the same Revolutions Per Minute(RPM) as that of the earth in the same direction. Thus both the earth and the satellite complete one revolution exactly in the same time and hence the relative position of the ground station with respect to the satellite never changes.
Geographic Information System(GIS) technology is developed from digital cartography and Computer-Aided Design(CAD) database management system. GIS as the name implies capturing, storing for future reference, checking and displaying data related to various positions on earth’s surface. GIS can be applied in many areas such as soil mapping, agricultural mapping, forest mapping, e-Governance, etc.
GIS is used in development planning like strategic rural and urban planning, infrastructure planning, precision agriculture planning, etc.
