(i) Saponification is the process of making soap molecule from the chemical reaction in which fatty esters are hydrolysed in basic conditions. (ii) This process converts fats and oils via basic reaction medium to salts of fatty acids.
(iii) When an ester is reacted with the alkali sodium hydroxide, the corresponding alcohol and no carboxylic acid (in the form of its sodium salt) are obtained back. This reaction is called saponification reaction as it is used for preparation of soap from fats.
`"Ester "+"Sodium hydroxide " to "Sodium Carboxylate "+ "Alcohol"`
