(a) In male frog, ureter conducts both urine and spermatozoa to the cloaca. Hence , it is also called urinogenital duct in male frog. In female frog, ureter conducts only urine from kidneys to the cloaca.
(b) Malplghian tubules are the organs of excretion and osmoregulation in insects
(c) Body wall in earthworm protects the delicate internal organs (viscera ) from injury. It also produces setae.
