LDP means low density polyethylene. LDP is obtained by polymerization of ethylene under high pressure (1000 – 2000 atm) and temperature (350 – 570 K) in presence of traces of O2 or peroxide as initiator.
The mechanism of this reaction involves free radical addition and H-atom abstraction. The latter results in branching. As a result the chains are loosely held and the polymer has low density.
Properties of LDP :
- LDP films are extremely flexible, but tough chemically inert and moisture resistant.
- It is poor conductor of electricity with melting point 110 °C.
Uses of LDP :
- LDP is mainly used in preparation of pipes for agriculture, irrigation, domestic water line connections as well as insulation to electric cables.
- It is also used in submarine cable insulation.
- It is used in producing extruded films, sheets, mainly for packaging and household uses like in preparation of squeeze bottles, attractive containers, etc.
HDP means high density polyethylene. It is a linear polymer with high density due to close packing.
HDP is obtained by polymerization of ethene in presence of Zieglar-Natta catalyst which is a combination of triethyl aluminium with titanium tetrachloride at a temperature of 333K to 343K and a pressure of 6-7 atm.
Properties of HDP :
- HDP is crystalline, melting point in the range of 144 – 150 °C.
- It is much stiffer than LDP and has high tensile strength and hardness.
- It is more resistant to chemicals than LDP.
Uses of HDP :
- HDP is used in manufacture of toys and other household articles like buckets, dustbins, bottles, pipes, etc.
- It is used to prepare laboratory wares and other objects where high tensile strength and stiffness is required.
