(i) Cards of spade or an ace = 13 + 3 = 16
Total no. of cards = 52
P (spade or an ace) = 16/52 = 4/13
(ii) Black kings = 2
P (a black king) = 2/52 =1/26
(iii) Jack or king = 4 + 4 = 8
P (neither jack nor a king) = 1 - 8/52 = (52 - 8)/ 52 = 44/52 = 11/13
(iv) King or queen = 4 + 4 = 8
P (either a king or a queen) = 8/52 = 2/13