Nuclear reactor: Nuclear reactor is a device for using atomic energy in controlled manner for peaceful purposes. During nuclear fission energy is released. The released energy can be utilized to generate electricity in a nuclear reactor.
Working of a nuclear reactor:
- In a nuclear reactor, U235 or U239 , a fissionable material is stacked with heavy water (D2O deuterium oxide) or graphite called moderator.
- The neutrons produced in the fission pass through the moderator and lose a part of their energy. The slow neutrons produced during the process are captured which initiate new fission.
- Cadmium rods are inserted in the moderator as they have ability to absorb neutrons. This controls the rate of chain reaction.
- The energy released during the reaction appears as heat and removed by circulating a liquid (coolant). The coolant which has absorbed excess of heat from the reactor is passed over a heat exchanger for producing steam.
- Steam is then passed through the turbines to produce electricity. Thus, the atomic energy produced with the use of fission reaction can be controlled in the nuclear reactor.
- This process can be explored for peaceful purpose such as conversion of atomic energy into electrical energy which can be used for civilian purposes, ships, submarines, etc.
Note: Schematic diagram of nuclear power plant:
