Question

Hundred Years War was fought during 1337-1453 between
1. England-France
2. Russia-England
3. Russia-France
4. England-America

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 1 : England-France

The correct answer is England-France.

• The Hundred Years’ War
  • The Hundred Years’ War is the term used to describe a series of conflicts from 1337 to 1453, between the rulers of the Kingdom of England and the House of Valois for control of the French throne. Hence, Option 1 is correct.
  • These 116 years saw a lot of battles on the continent, most of it over disputes as to which family line should rightfully be upon the throne of France.
  • By the end of the Hundred Years’ War, the population of France was about half what it had been before the era began.

• Causes of Hundred-year war
  • The root causes of the conflict can be found in the demographic, economic, and social crises of 14th-century Europe.
  • The outbreak of war was motivated by a gradual rise in tension between the kings of France and England about Guyenne, Flanders, and Scotland.
  • The dynastic question, which arose due to an interruption of the direct male line of the Capetians, was the official pretext.
  • The dispute over Guyenne is even more important than the dynastic question in explaining the outbreak of the war.
  • Guyenne posed a significant problem to the kings of France and England; Edward III was a vassal of Philip VI of France and was required to recognize the sovereignty of the king of France over Guyenne.
  • In practical terms, a judgment in Guyenne might be subject to an appeal to the French royal court.
  • The king of France had the power to revoke all legal decisions made by the king of England in Aquitaine, which was unacceptable to the English.
  • Therefore, sovereignty over Guyenne was a latent conflict between the two monarchies for several generations.

• Historians commonly divide the war into three phases separated by truces:
• 1) the Edwardian Era War (1337–1360);
• 2) the Caroline War (1369–1389); and
• 3) the Lancastrian War (1415–1453), which saw the slow decline of English fortunes after the appearance of Joan of Arc in 1429.