Correct Answer - Option 3 : ICSI
Concept-
- A large number of couples all over the world including India are infertile, i.e., they are unable to produce children in spite of unprotected sexual cohabitation.
- Specialised health care units (infertility clinics, etc.) could help in the diagnosis and corrective treatment of some of these disorders and enable these couples to have children.
- Where such corrections are not possible, the couples could be assisted to have children through certain special techniques commonly known as assisted reproductive technologies (ART).
Explanation-
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Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is the specialised procedure to form an embryo in the laboratory in which a sperm is directly injected into the ovum.
- In ICSI, single live sperm is injecting directly into the centre of a human egg.
- The ICSI technique is used to help those couples in fertilization with severe male factor infertility.
Therefore the method of directly injecting sperm into the ovum in Assisted Reproductive Technology is called ICSI.
GIFT - (gamete intrafallopian transfer)
- Transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce one but can provide a suitable environment for fertilization and further development.
ZIFT - (zygote intrafallopian transfer)
- The zygote or early embryos (with up to 8 blastomeres) could then be transferred into the fallopian tube (ZIFT–zygote intrafallopian transfer) and embryos with more than 8 blastomeres, into the uterus (IUT – intrauterine transfer), to complete their further development.
ET - (embryo transfer)
- In this method, popularly known as the test-tube baby programme, ova from the wife/donor (female) and sperms from the husband/donor (male) are collected and are induced to form zygote under simulated conditions in the laboratory.
