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After the Revolt of 1857, the British Parliament took away the power to govern India from East India Company and the title of Empress of India was assumed by:
1. Queen Charlotte
2. Queen Elizabeth
3. Queen Isabella
4. Queen Victoria

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Correct Answer - Option 4 : Queen Victoria

The correct answer is Queen Victoria.

  • After the Revolt of 1857, the British Parliament took away the power to govern India from East India Company and the title of Empress of India was assumed by Queen Victoria.

  • The Revolt of 1857 AD:
  • Occurred during the reign of Governor-General Lord Canning
    • Causes of the Revolt:
      • Political: Nana Sahib was refused pension, as he was the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II.
      • Avadh was annexed in 1856. On charges of mal-administration, Satara, Jhansi, Nagpur, and Sambalpur were annexed owing to the Doctrine of Lapse.
      • Economic: Heavy taxation, forcibly evictions, discriminatory tariff policy against Indian products.
      • Socio-religious: Abolition of sati in 1829 AD; legalization of widow remarriage in 1856 AD, etc.
      • Military: Discrimination with Indian soldiers.
        • Indian soldiers were paid low salaries.
      • Immediate cause: The introduction of Enfield rifles, whose cartridges were said to have a greased cover made of beef and pork, sparked off the revolt.
      • The Beginning and Spread of the Revolt: On March 29, 1857, AD, an Indian sepoy of 34 Native Infantry, Mangal Pandey, killed two British officers–Hugeson and Baugh on parade at Barrackpore (near Calcutta).

 

  • Impact of the Revolt of 1857 AD:
    • In August 1857 AD, the British Parliament passed an Act that put an end to the rule of the Company.
    • The control of the British Government in India was transferred to the British Crown.
      • Hence, Queen Victoria became the Empress of India 
    • A minister of the British Government called the Secretary of state for India was made responsible for the governance of India.
    • The British Governor-General of India was now also given the title of Viceroy.
    • The doctrine of Lapse was withdrawn.
    • After the revolt, the British pursued the policy of divide and rule.

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