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What type of turbine is the Kaplan turbine?
1. Radial inward flow reaction turbine
2. Radial outward flow reaction turbine
3. Axial flow reaction turbine
4. Mixed flow reaction turbine

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Correct Answer - Option 3 : Axial flow reaction turbine

A Kaplan turbine is basically a propeller with adjustable blades inside a tube. It is an axial-flow turbine, which means that the flow direction does not change as it crosses the rotor.

Classification of the turbine-based on the energy available at the inlet:

i) Reaction Turbine: Turbine for which both pressure energy and kinetic energy is available at the inlet is a reaction turbine.

E.g. Francis Turbine, Kaplan Turbine and Propeller Turbine.

They are useful for low head and high discharge.

ii) Impulse Turbine: Turbine for which only kinetic energy is available at the inlet is an impulse turbine.

E.g. Pelton Turbine and Turgo Impulse Turbine.

They are useful for high head and low discharge.

Flow

Energy

Head

Specific speed

Example

Tangential

Impulse

High head

(300 m and above)

Low

(0 – 60 RPM)

Pelton Wheel turbine

Radial

Reaction

Medium

(30 m to 300 m)

Medium

(60 – 300) RPM

Francis turbine

Axial

Reaction

Low

(less than 30 m)

High

 

(300 – 600) RPM

Kaplan turbine

(600 – 1000) RPM

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