Question

Jizya Tax, during the Mughal Empire was a tax levied on:
1. Muslim citizens
2. All the citizens
3. Noble citizens
4. Non-Muslim citizens

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 4 : Non-Muslim citizens

The correct answer is Non-Muslim citizens.

• During the Mughal Empire, Jiziya Tax was a tax levied by the Muslim rulers on Non-Muslim citizens of the territory in return for their protection.

• In India, Qutubuddin Aibak imposed Jizya for the first time.
• Jizya was abolished by the Mughal Ruler Akbar in the 16^th Century.
• Jizya reimposed by the Mughal ruler Aurangzeb in the 17^th Century.

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​Qutubuddin Aibak :

• Aibak founded Slave Dynasty.
• Slave Dynasty is also called Mamluk Dynasty (Ilbari Dynasty).
• Aibak was a Turkish Slave and he was purchased by Mohammed Ghori who later became made him his Governor.
• For his generosity, he was given the title of Lakh Baksh (giver of Lakhs)
• He constructed two mosques Quwat-ul-Islam in Delhi and Adhai Din ka Jhonpra in Ajmer.
• He started the construction of Qutab Minar in honor of the famous Sufi Saint Khawaja Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki and completed the construction of Qutab Minar by Iltumish.
• He died in 1210 while playing Chaugan (Polo)

Akbar:

• Akbar was the eldest son of Humayun and ascended the throne at the age of 14 at Kalanaur in 1556.
• He defeated Hemu in the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556 with the help of Bairam Khan.
• Buland Darwaza was constructed at Fatehpur Sikri at Agra after Akbar's victory over Gujarat in 1572 AD.
• Akbar built Agra Fort, Lahore Fort, and Allahabad Fort
• He built Humayun Tomb in Delhi.
• The Navratnas or the nine jewels of Akbar’s court were Raja Todar Mal (Finance Minister), Birbal (Administrator), Abul Fazal (scholar and statesman), Faizi (scholar and statesman), Tansen (Musician), Abdur Rahim Khana-i-Khana (statesman and Hindi poet), Mullah-do-Pyaza (Chief Advisor), Raja Man Singh (Mansabdhar and trusted General), and Fakir Aziao-Din (Chief Advisor).
• Abul fazl wrote Akbarnamah.
• Akbar is considered 'the real founder of the Mughal Empire'.
• He was buried at Sikandara near Agra.

​Aurangzeb:

• Aurangzeb was the third son of Shahjahan born in Ujjain.
• He defeated Dara at Dharma (1658), Samugarh (1658), and Deorai in which Samugarh was the decisive one and Deorai was the last one.
• He took the title of Alamgir in 1659.
• He captured Guru Teg Bahadur, the 9^th Guru of Sikhs in 1675 and execute him when he refused to embrace Isalm.
• The 10^th and last Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh son of Guru Teg Bahadur organized his followers into a community of warriors called Khalsa.
• He was called Zinda Pir or the living Saint.
• He built Bibi Ka Maqbara similar to Taj Mahal in Aurangabad.
• He died in 1707 and was buried at Khuldabad (Daulatabad).