Correct Answer - Option 1 : Cartographic Generalisation
Explanation:
(i) Cartographic generalization, or map generalization, includes all changes in a map that are made when one derives a smaller-scale map from a larger-scale map or map data or vice versa.
(ii) Since maps are representations of three-dimensional reality, the cartographer must employ abstraction to show only pertinent data in an easy to read and understandable form, and in a usable size. First, data is collected from a variety of sources, such as surveying, remote sensing, and census taking, depending on the project. While surveying and remote sensing give complete data about the subject, a census is itself a representation because it is only a sampling.
(iii) In order to process the material and present it in a usable form, the cartographer must go through a selection process regarding both the map and the material to be represented. Scale selection decides how much detail you can show and the size of the map; then, of the collected data, the decision must be made of what to include on the map. The inclusion of data will vary widely according to purpose and audience: on a road map, elevations are less important, on an elevation map of contour lines, roads are not important.
(iv) There are four aspects to generalization: classification, simplification, exaggeration, and symbolization.
