Correct Answer - Option 4 : district
The correct answer is the district.
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The Mughal empire was divided into "Subas" which were further subdivided into "Sarkar", "Pargana", and "Gram".
- The term 'Gram' in the Mughal administration stands for the village.
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The term 'Sarkar' in the Mughal administration stands for the district.
- The term 'Pargana' in the Mughal administration stands for the group of villages.
- There were 15 Subas (provinces) during Akbar's reigns, which later increased to 20 under Aurangzeb's reign.
- The Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system. The term "Mansab" indicates the rank of the holder.
- Mansabdari was both civil and military.
- During the Mughal administration, there were 3 methods of revenue collection i.e. Kankut, Rai, and Zabti.
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Local Administration:
- At the village level, the subas were divided into Sarkars which were further subdivided into Parganas.
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Faujdar (chief executive head of a Sarkar) was responsible for maintaining law and order in his jurisdiction and executed the royal decrees and regulations.
- He also kept the powerful Zamindars under check.
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Amalguzar or the revenue collector was the next important officer.
- Shiqdar maintained the general administration and law and order of Pargana assisted by Amil (revenue collector), Amin (assessor of revenue), Patadar (treasurer), Qanungo (keeper of land record), and Bitikchis (clerks).
- Village head or the Muqaddam (sarpanch) dealt with functions locally.
- The Patwari assisted him by taking care of village revenue records.
