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A fish swimming in a pond seems nearer than it really is. Explain.

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This is because a light ray coming from the fish inside water when suffers refraction at the water-air interface, it bends away from the normal at the point of incidence. The refracted ray appears to be coming from a point at a depth less than the actual depth of the fish. That is why, the fish seems to be nearer than it really is. 

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