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When the length of an overhead transmission line is less than 80 km with an operating voltage upto 20 kV, it is considered to be a/an ___________.
1. long transmission line
2. short transmission line
3. medium transmission line
4. ultra-long transmission

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Correct Answer - Option 2 : short transmission line

Classification of Overhead Transmission Lines:

  • A transmission line has three constants R, L, and C distributed uniformly along the whole length of the line.
  • The resistance and inductance form the series impedance.
  • The capacitance existing between conductors for a 1-phase line or from a conductor to neutral for a 3-phase line forms a shunt path throughout the length of the line. Therefore, capacitance effects introduce complications in transmission line calculations.
     

Depending upon the manner in which capacitance is taken into account, the overhead transmission lines are classified as:

Short transmission lines:
When the length of an overhead transmission line is up to about 50 km to 80 km and the line voltage is comparatively low (< 20 kV), it is usually considered as a short transmission line. Due to smaller lengths and lower voltage, the capacitance effects are small and hence can be neglected. Therefore, while studying the performance of a short transmission line, only the resistance and inductance of the line are taken into account.

Medium transmission lines:
When the length of an overhead transmission line is about 80-150 km and the line voltage is moderately high (>20 kV < 100 kV), it is considered a medium transmission line. Due to the sufficient length and voltage of the line, the capacitance effects are taken into account. For purposes of calculations, the distributed capacitance of the line is divided and lumped in the form of condensers shunted across the line at one or more points.

Long transmission lines:
When the length of an overhead transmission line is more than 150 km and line voltage is very high (> 100 kV), it is considered a long transmission line. For the treatment of such a line, the line constants are considered uniformly distributed over the whole length of the line and rigorous methods are employed for the solution

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