The advantages and disadvantages of DBMS are as follows :
Advantages :
- Reduced data redundancy
- Reduced updating errors and increased consistency
- Greater data integrity and independence from applications programs
- Improved data access to users through the use of host and query languages
- Improved data security
- Reduced data entry, storage, and retrieval costs
- Facilitated development of new applications program
Disadvantages :
- Database systems are complex, difficult, and time-consuming to design
- Substantial hardware and software start-up costs
- Damage to database affects virtually all applications programs
- Extensive conversion costs in moving form a file-based system to a database system
- Initial training is required for all programmers and users.
