Population is defined as the group of organisms belonging to a particular species residing in a geographically localized area and having the ability to interbreed. The population includes all individuals that live in that certain area.
The factors that affect the birth rate are:
(i) Number of people in the reproductive age and marriage: Population of a country widely depends on this factor. If the number of people of age group 18-35 years are more, then this implies that this population is in the reproductive age. Many cultures and religions encourage this young age group to get married and start a family.
(ii) Availability and affordability of birth control tools: Many people are ignorant about the ill effects of population explosion. In some cases, they might be unaware of the birth control practices and tools or they are not able to afford these tools. In such cases, they give birth to offsprings and increase the population.
(iii) Religious beliefs and cultural norms: In some countries, religious beliefs and cultural factors favour large families and strongly oppose abortion and some forms of birth control.
The factors affecting death rate are:
(i) Availability of medical facilities: With the technological advancement in the field of medicine and health, many lives taking diseases are curable. The life expectancy of human beings can be increased. Vaccines, immunization and other medical treatments have saved thousands of life..
(ii) Occupation: Some occupations demand high intensity work, which creates physical and mental stress. Such stress wares out the body and invites various diseases. Continuous exposure to medicines and stress full life may reduce the life expectancy.
