Question

NCERT Solutions Class 10, Social Science, History, Chapter 2, Nationalism in India.

To learn the fundamentals of this chapter, as well as to prepare for CBSE exams and competitive exams refer to these NCERT Solutions. These solutions have been created by subject matter experts to provide an in-depth analysis of all the concepts covered in this chapter. This study material is based on the most recent CBSE syllabus.

In these NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science, we have discussed all types of NCERT intext questions, exercise questions as well as multiple choice type questions.

Concepts covered in Class 10 Social Science - History chapter 2 Nationalism in India are :

1. The First World War, Khilafat and Non-Cooperation

• The Idea of Satyagraha
• The Rowlatt Act
• Why Non-cooperation?

2. Differing Strands within the Movement

• The Movement in the Towns
• Rebellion in the Countryside
• Swaraj in the Plantations

3. Towards Civil Disobedience

• The Salt March and the Civil Disobedience Movement
• How Participants saw the Movement
• The Limits of Civil Disobedience

4. The Sense of Collective Belonging

• Quit India Movement

Our NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science provide detailed explanations to assist students with their homework and assignments. Proper command and ample practice of topic-related questions provided by our NCERT solutions is the most effective way to achieve full marks in your exams. Begin studying right away to ace your exams.

Now all the solutions and practice questions are at your fingertip to get started.

Answer 1

NCERT Solutions Class 10, Social Science, History, Chapter 2, Nationalism in India.

Write in brief

1. Explain:

a) Why growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to an anti-colonial movement.

Solution:

Colonisation affected people's freedom, and nationalist sentiments surged during the process of struggle against imperial domination. The sense of oppression and exploitation became a common bond for people from different walks of life, and this resulted in the growth of nationalist ideals. Thus, growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to anti-colonial movements.

b) How the First World War helped in the growth of the National Movement in India.

Solution:

During the First World War, the British army conducted forced recruitment from rural areas in India. To finance the defence expenditure, high custom duties and income taxes were imposed. Also, during 1918-19 and 1920-21, crops failed in many parts of India, thereby resulting in acute food shortages. All this caused extensive anger and opposition against the British colonial rule, and the national movement of India headed towards a stronger, more definitive direction.

c) Why Indians were outraged by the Rowlatt Act.

Solution:

The Rowlatt Act was passed hurriedly through the Imperial Legislative Council despite opposition from Indian members. It gave the government autocratic powers to repress political activities besides allowing it to detain political prisoners without a trial, for two years. The Indian were outraged by this act as it was clearly undemocratic and oppressive, and hurt national sentiments and dignity.

d) Why Gandhiji decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Solution:

Gandhi ji decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement due to various incidents of violence
perpetrated by the masses, especially the Chauri Chaura incident in 1922 where the people clashed with
the police, setting a police-station on fire. Gandhi ji felt that the people were not yet ready for a mass
struggle, and that satyagrahis needed to be properly trained for non-violent demonstrations.

2. What is meant by the idea of satyagraha?

Solution:

The idea of satyagraha implies a unique method of mass agitation that emphasises the power of truth, and the need to search for truth. It upholds the belief that if the cause is true and the fight is against injustice, then there is no need for physical force or coercion against the oppressor. Satyagraha is synonymous with non-violent agitation, where an appeal is made to the oppressor's conscience to search for justice. Gandhi ji believed that this dharma of non-violence could be the cause of national unity and harmony.

3. Write a newspaper report on:

a) The Jallianwala Bagh massacr

Solution:

On 13 April,1919, General Dyer blocked the exit points from the enclosed ground of Jallianwala Bagh where a large crowd had gathered—some to protest against the British government’s repressive measures, others to attend the annual Baisakhi fair. Dyer’s objective was to “produce a moral effect” and terrorise satyagrahis. Hundreds of innocent people including women and children were killed on this day in the indiscriminate firing by British soldiers. This led to large scale strikes, clashes with police and attacks on government buildings by the enraged Indian people.

b) The Simon Commission

Solution:

It arrived in India in 1928 and faced protest slogans of “Go Back Simon”. It was because this body was to suggest constitutional changes in Indian governance, but it did not have any Indian members. The Congress and the Muslim League jointly demonstrated against it. Lord Irwin announced a vague “dominion status” for India to quell the movement, leading to a Round Table Conference in October, 1929.

4. Compare the images of Bharat Mata in this chapter with the image of Germania in Chapter "The Rise of Nationalism in Europe".

Solution:

The image of Bharat Mata as painted by Abanindranath Tagore shows her as bestowing learning, food and clothing. She bears aesthetic quality as denoted by the mala held by her. This is similar to the image of Germania as painted by Philip Veit, where she holds a sword, but looks more feminine. The other painting of Bharat Mata is more manly in its representation. In it, she is shown as bearing power and authority as denoted by the lion and elephant beside her. The latter image is more akin to the image of Germania by Lorenz Clasen, where she wields a sword and shield, and looks ready to fight.

Discuss

1. List all the different social groups which joined the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921. Then choose any three and write about their hopes and struggles to show why they joined the movement.

Solution:

The different social groups that joined the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921 were the urban middle class comprising lawyers, teachers and headmasters, students, peasants, tribals and workers. Peasants, tribals and workers joined the movement from the countryside. They did so with hopes of self- emancipation. Peasants rebelled against talukdars and landlords who demanded high rents and also forced them to do begar or free labour. Tribal peasants revolted against the enclosure of large forest tracts by the British government, which left them devoid of a livelihood as well as traditional rights. Plantation workers, on the other hand, desired freedom to move about and retain links with the villages they came from. All three believed that Gandhi Raj would come with the Non-Cooperation Movement, and this would mark an end to their sorrows. Hence, they joined the anti-colonial struggle.

2. Discuss the Salt March to make clear why it was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism.

Solution:

The Salt March was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism because it was done in revolt against a commodity-salt, used by the rich and the poor alike. The tax on salt, and the government monopoly over its production was a severely oppressive administrative move. The Salt March was effective also because Gandhi ji met a large number of commoners during the march and he taught them the true meaning of swaraj and non-violence. By peacefully defying a law and making salt against government orders, Gandhi ji set forth an example to the whole nation of how the oppressor could be confronted in a non-violent manner. This also led to the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930.

3. Imagine you are a woman participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Explain what the experience meant to your life.

Solution:

A woman participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement—facts—salt manufactured; foreign cloth boycotted; liquor shops picketed; peaceful satyagrahis attacked, including women and children; brutal repression, many women went to jail as well; mostly from high castes and rich families; saw national service as a sacred duty.

4. Why did political leaders differ sharply over the question of separate electorates?

Solution:

Political leaders differed sharply over the question of separate electorates because of differences in opinion. While those supporting the cause of minorities and the dalits believed that only political empowerment would resolve their social backwardness, others like Gandhiji thought that separate electorates would further slow down the process of their integration into society. Also, it was feared that the system of separate electorates would gradually divide the country into numerous fragments because every community or class would then ask for separate representations.

Answer 2

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following agreements gave seats to the depressed classes in Provincial and Central Legislative council?
(a) Lucknow Pact
(b) Gandhi-irwin Pact
(c) Poona Pact
(d) None of these

The correct option is : (c) Poona Pact

2. Which one of the following Viceroys announced a vague offer of dominion status for India in October 1929?
(a) Lord Mount batter
(b) Lord Dalhousie
(c) Lord Irwin
(d) None of these

The correct option is : (c) Lord Irwin

3. Which one of the following combination of colours was there in the Swaraj flag designed by Gandhiji in 1921?
(a) Red, Green and White
(b) Red, Green and Yellow
(c) Orange, White and Green
(d) Yellow, White and Green

The correct option is : (a) Red, Green and White

4. In which of the following region was Dalit participation limited in the civil disobedience movement?
(a) Maharashtra and Nagpur
(b) Awadh and Maharashtra
(c) Bengal and Punjab
(d) Kerala and Karnataka

The correct option is : (a) Maharashtra and Nagpur

5. Why were the Dalits ignored by the Congress for a longtime?
(a) Fear of offending the sanatanis
(b) Fear from Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
(c) Fear from socialism
(d) Fear from industralists

The correct option is : (a) Fear of offending the sanatanis

6. Which of the following Acts did not permit plantation workers to leave the tea gardens without permission?
(a) Indian Independence Act
(b) Inland Emigration Act of 1859
(c) Impaired Legislature Council Act
(d) Inland Immigration Act

The correct option is : (b) Inland Emigration Act of 1859

7. In which of the following year Mahatma Gandhi inspired the peasants of Champaran district of Bihar to struggle against the oppressive plantation system ?
(a) 1916
(b) 1917
(c) 1918
(d) 1919

The correct option is : (a) 1916

8. In which one of the following Indian National Congress Session, the idea of Non-Cooperation movement was accepted ?
(a) Lahore Session
(b) Nagpur Session
(c) Calcutta (Kolkata) Session
(d) Madras (Chennai) Session

The correct option is : (c) Calcutta (Kolkata) Session

9. Why did Gandhiji withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement ?
(a) Gandhiji realised that people were losing interest in the movement.
(b) Gandhiji felt the movement was turning violent in many places.
(c) Some Congress leaders wanted to participate in elections to Provincial Councils.
(d) Some Congress leaders wanted more radical mass agitations.

The correct option is : (b) Gandhiji felt the movement was turning violent in many places.

10. Which one of the following statements is false about Alluri Sitaram Raju?
(a) He claimed he had special powers.
(b) He was inspired by the non-cooperation movement.
(c) He believed in the principle of non-violence advocated by Gandhiji.
(d) He persuaded people to give up drinking.

The correct option is : (c) He believed in the principle of non-violence advocated by Gandhiji.

11. Which one of the following statements is not related to the Gandhi-irwin Pact?
(a) Gandhiji agreed not to launch any further mass agitations against the British.
(b) Gandhiji agreed to participate in the Round Table Conference.
(c) Gandhiji decided to call off the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(d) The British agreed to release the political prisoners.

The correct option is : (a) Gandhiji agreed not to launch any further mass agitations against the British.

12. Why did Nationalists in India tour villages to gather folk songs and legends ? Choose the most appropriate reason from the following :
(a) Nationalists wanted to study their own culture.
(b) Nationalists wanted to publish it and earn money.
(c) Nationalists did it because it gave a true picture of traditional culture.
(d) Nationalists wanted to keep folk culture intact.

The correct option is : (c) Nationalists did it because it gave a true picture of traditional culture.

13. Who among the following wrote ‘Vande Mataram’?
(a) Abanindranath Tagore
(b) Rabindranath Tagore
(c) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
(d) Natesa Shastri

The correct option is : (c) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

14. Which of the following statements is not true about the Simon Commission?
(a) It was appointed by Sir John Simon.
(b) It did not have any Indian member.
(c) It was opposed by all parties in India.
(d) It was set up to look into the Constitutional system in India.

The correct option is : (a) It was appointed by Sir John Simon.

15. The Jallianwalla Bagh incident took place in the city of
(a) Amritsar
(b) Agra
(c) Meerut
(d) Lahore

The correct option is : (a) Amritsar

16. Which of the following was the reason for calling off the Non-Cooperation Movement by Gandhiji ?
(a) His arrest
(b) The Chauri-Chaura incident
(c) Pressure from the British Government
(d) Round Table Conference

The correct option is : (b) The Chauri-Chaura incident

17. The resolution of Puma Swaraj was adopted at which session?
(a) Karachi Congress
(b) Haripur Congress
(c) Lahore Congress
(d) Lucknow Congress

The correct option is : (c) Lahore Congress

18. The Simon Commission was boycotted because
(a) there was no Indian in the commission
(b) it supported the Muslim League
(c) Congress felt that the people deserved Swaraj
(d) there were differences among the members.

The correct option is : (a) there was no Indian in the commission

19. When did Jallianwalla Bagh incident take place ?
(a) 13th April 1919
(b) 14th April 1920
(c) 13th March 1919
(d) 15th March 1920

The correct option is : (a) 13th April 1919

20. Justice Party of Madras was a party of
(a) non-muslims
(b) non-brahmins
(c) non-tamils
(d) judges

The correct option is : (b) non-brahmins

21. Who led a peasant movement during the Non-Cooperation Movement ?
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) Gandhiji
(c) Baba Ramchandra
(d) Sardar Patel

The correct option is : (c) Baba Ramchandra

22. Baba Ramchandra led a Peasant Movement in Avadh against the
(a) British government
(b) the ruler of Avadh
(c) the Talukdars
(d) the moneylenders

The correct option is : (c) the Talukdars

23. By whom was the Swaraj Party formed?
(a) Motilal Nehru and C.R. Das
(b) Subhas Chandra Bose and Sardar Patel
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru and Rajendra Prasad
(d) Motilal Nehru and Rajendra Prasad

The correct option is : (a) Motilal Nehru and C.R. Das

24. With which main demand did the Civil Disobedience Movement start ?
(a) Abolition of Untouchability
(b) Abolition of Dowry
(c) Abolition of Salt Law
(d) None of the above

The correct option is : (c) Abolition of Salt Law

25. At which of the following places did Gandhiji make salt out of sea water to defy the salt law ?
(a) Sabarmati
(b) Wardha
(c) Dandi
(d) Ahmedabad

The correct option is : (c) Dandi

Answer 3

26. Who among the following led the Civil Disobedience Movement in Peshawar ?
(a) Lala Lajpat Rai
(b) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
(c) Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru

The correct option is : (c) Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan

27. By what name were the dalits referred by Gandhiji ?
(a) Untouchables
(b) Shudras
(c) Harijans
(d) Achhuts

The correct option is : (c) Harijans

28. When was the Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industries set up ?
(a) 1926
(b) 1927
(c) 1928
(d) 1929

The correct option is : (b) 1927

29. Why was Alluri Sitaram Raju well known ?
(a) He led the militant movement of tribal peasants in Andhra Pradesh
(b) He led a peasant movement in Avadh
(c) He led a satyagraha movement in Bardoli
(d) He set up an organisation for the uplifment of the dalits.

The correct option is : (a) He led the militant movement of tribal peasants in Andhra Pradesh

30. Who organised the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930 ?
(a) Sitaram Raju
(b) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) Sardar Patel

The correct option is : (b) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

31. By whom was the song ‘Vande Mataram’ written ?
(a) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
(b) Rabindranath Tagore
(c) Sarat Chandra
(d) Natesa Sastri

The correct option is : (a) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

32. Which of the following was the most important feature of Satyagraha Movement advocated by Gandhiji ?
(a) Abolition of untouchability
(b) Social equality
(c) Truth and non-violence
(d) Basic education

The correct option is : (c) Truth and non-violence

33. Why did Gandhiji organise Satyagraha in 1917 in Kheda district of Gujarat ?
(a) To support the plantation workers.
(b) To protest against high revenue demand.
(c) To support the mill workers to fulfil their demand.
(d) To demand loans for the farmers.

The correct option is : (b) To protest against high revenue demand.

34. Gandhiji organised Satyagraha against Rowlatt Act in 1919 because
(a) the Act was unjust, which denied the civil rights to Indians.
(b) the Act was passed by the British.
(c) the Act discriminated against the Muslims.
(d) the Act denied educational rights to Indians.

The correct option is : (a) the Act was unjust, which denied the civil rights to Indians.

35. Why was Satyagraha organised in Champaran in 1916 ?
(a) To oppose the British laws.
(b) To oppose the plantation system.
(c) To oppose high land revenue.
(d) To protest against the oppression of the mill workers.

The correct option is : (b) To oppose the plantation system.

36. Why did the Indians oppose the Rowlatt Act ?
(a) It introduced the Salt Law.
(b) It increased taxes on land.
(c) It gave the British the power to arrest and detain a person without a trial.
(d) It put a ban on the Congress party.

The correct option is : (c) It gave the British the power to arrest and detain a person without a trial.

37. Why did Gandhiji organise a Satyagraha in Ahmedabad Mill in 1918 ?
(a) To protest against the poor working conditions in the factory.
(b) To demand for higher wages for workers.
(c) To protest against high revenue demand.
(d) None of the above.

The correct option is : (b) To demand for higher wages for workers.

38. Who among the following two leaders led the Khilafat Movement ?
(a) Shaukat Ali and Muhammad AM
(b) Gandhiji and Sardar Patel
(c) Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Abul Kalam Azad
(d) Abul Kalam Azad and Jawaharlal Nehru

The correct option is : (a) Shaukat Ali and Muhammad AM

39. What is meant by begar ?
(a) Unemployment
(b) Forced labour without payment
(c) Beggary
(d) Working for nominal payment

The correct option is : (b) Forced labour without payment

40. ‘Hind Swaraj’ was written by
(a) Abul Kalam Azad
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Sardar Patel
(d) Subhas Chandra Bose

The correct option is : (b) Mahatma Gandhi

41. What does the term Khalifa refer ?
(a) Sultan of a Muslim country
(b) Spiritual leader of the Muslims
(c) Nawab of a Muslim state
(d) Badshah of Mughal period

The correct option is : (b) Spiritual leader of the Muslims

42. Mark the correct response
Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859 the peasants were not permitted to
(a) leave their village
(b) settle in the city
(c) leave their plantation without permission
(d) allow the women to leave farmlands without permission

The correct option is : (c) leave their plantation without permission

43. Why did Mahatma Gandhi decide to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement ?
(a) The leaders failed to organise the movement well
(b) People lacked courage
(c) The movement turned violent
(d) The movement was not widespread enough to continue

The correct option is : (c) The movement turned violent

44. Why was the Simon Commission sent to India ?
(a) To look into the Indian constitutional matter and suggest reform
(b) To choose members of Indian Council
(c) To settle disputes between the government and the Congress leaders
(d) To set up a government organisation

The correct option is : (a) To look into the Indian constitutional matter and suggest reform

45. Why was the Round Table Conference held in England ?
(a) To discuss the provisions of future Indian Constitution.
(b) To discuss the steps to be taken to check Indian National Movement.
(c) To give concessions to Indians
(d) To make plans for improvement of agriculture in India.

The correct option is : (a) To discuss the provisions of future Indian Constitution.

46. By whom was the first image of Bharatmata painted ?
(a) Rabindranath Tagore
(b) Abanindranath Tagore
(c) Ravi Verma .
(d) Nandalal Bose

The correct option is : (b) Abanindranath Tagore

47. During which of the following movements did the women participate in large numbers for the first time ?
(a) Swadeshi and Boycott Movement
(b) Non-Cooperation Movement
(c) Civil Disobedience Movement
(d) Quit India Movement

The correct option is : (c) Civil Disobedience Movement

48. What kind of movement was launched by the tribal peasants of Gudem Hills in Andhra Pradesh ?
(a) Satyagraha Movement
(b) Militant Guerrilla Movement
(c) Non-Violent Movement
(d) None of the above.

The correct option is : (b) Militant Guerrilla Movement

49. Which of the following is the most important factor for the growth of nationalism in India ?
(a) British administrative reforms.
(b) Introduction of railways.
(c) Social reforms.
(d) Colonial exploitation under the British rule.

The correct option is : (d) Colonial exploitation under the British rule.

50. Why did General Dyer open fire on peaceful crowd in Jallianwalla Bagh?
Mark the most important factor
(a) To punish the Indians.
(b) To take revenge for breaking martial laws.
(c) To create a feeling of terror and awe in the mind of Indians.
(d) To disperse the crowd.

The correct option is : (c) To create a feeling of terror and awe in the mind of Indians.