The following statements regarding monitoring are correct:
a) an end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration of 4kPa excludes rebreathing during spontaneous ventilation
b) a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ( PCWP) > 13mmHg indicates over-transfusion
c) the EEG indicates depth of anaesthesia
d) a small blood pressure cuff over-reads
e) increased beat to beat variability occurs in hypervolaemia.