N identical cells, each of emf ℰ and internal resistance r, are joined in series. Out of these, n cells are wrongly connected, i.e., their terminals are connected in reverse of that required for series connection. n < N/2. Let ℰ0 be the emf of the resulting battery and r0 be its internal resistance,
(a) ℰ0 = (N - n)ℰ, r0 = (N - n)r
(b) ℰ0 = (N - 2n)ℰ, r0 = (N - 2n)r
(c) ℰ0 = (N - 2n)ℰ, r0 = Nr
(d) ℰ0 = (N - n)ℰ, r0 = Nr