The various types of industries are:
1. Primary industries: Primary industries refer to industries which are concerned with the production of goods mainly with the help of nature. Mining, agriculture, forestry, fishing, etc. are example for primary industries. Primary industries can be classified as:
(a) Genetic industries: Genetic industries refer to those activities which are undertaken for reproducing or multiplying plants and animals with the object of making profit from their sales. Example: Nurseries raising seedlings and plants, cattle breeding, poultry farming, etc.
(b) Extractive industries: Extractive industries refer to those activities which are concerned with the extraction or production of wealth from soil, air, water or from beneath the surface of the earth. Example: Agriculture, mining, fishing, forestry, hunting, fruit gathering, etc.
2. Secondary industries: Secondary industries refer to industries where human labour plays a more important role than nature. Secondary industries can be classified into:
(a) Manufacturing industries: Manufacturing industries refer to activities concerned with the conversion of raw materials or semifinished goods into finished goods. Example: Conversion of raw cotton into cotton textiles; conversion of raw jute into jute products; production of sugar from sugarcane, etc. Manufacturing industries may be sub-divided into four types. They are:
(i) Analytical industries: Analytical industries refer to those manufacturing industries which produce many types of product by analysing, i.e. separating, the same basic raw materials into different products. Example: In oil refining, the same crude oil is analysed or separated into different products like petrol, diesel oil, kerosene, lubricating oil, etc.
(ii) Synthetic industries: Synthetic industries refer to all those manufacturing industries where various materials are combined together in the manufacturing process to manufacture a new product. Example: Cement industry is a synthetic industry, in the sense that cement is produced by combining many materials, such as gypsum, coal, etc.
(iii) Processing industries: Processing industries refer to those manufacturing industries where different component processed through Trent processes into finished product. Paper industry, textile industry, etc. are the example processing industries.
(iv) Assembling industries: Assembling industries refer to those manufacturing industries where different component parts already manufactured are assembled into final products. Automobile industry is an example for assembling industries.
(b) Construction industries: Construction industries refer to those activities which are concerned with the creation of infrastructure necessary for economic development. In other words, they refer to those which are concerned with the construction of buildings, roads, bridges, railway lines, dams canals, etc.
3. Tertiary industries: Tertiary industries refer to industries which provide support services to primary and secondary industries and also to activities relating to trade. These days, services also are regarded as industries, and are called tertiary industries. These industries are regarded as part of commerce, i.e. as auxiliaries to trade.
