To highlight the point that formal education not only takes away the joy of childhood but also hinders the child’s growth forever, the poet equates the seasons of the year with different stages in life. He points out that what happens in childhood has its impact on adulthood and old age. He questions as to how there can be growth in summer if the buds, blossoms and plants themselves are destroyed in spring. If summer is bereft of fruits, naturally one has no defence against the blasts of winter.
In other words, the poet tells us that a happy childhood makes adulthood and old age pleasurable. But if the childhood itself is devoid of joy, there is nothing to look forward to in adulthood and old age. Thus the poet makes it crystal clear that childhood experiences are very important to lead a happy. life and school have a major role to play in determining whether childhood experiences are conducive to growth or not.
