The concepts of International Relations are as follows :
(a) State Sovereignty: It is the obligation of sovereign states to respect the sovereignty of other states. No state can dictate others and all states are equal in matters of status, dignity and honour. Based on dependence and interdependence among states, the}’ are gaining and loosing sovereignty.
(b) National Power: It is the sum of total of the strength and capabilities of state harnessed and applied to the advancement of its national interests and the attainment of its national objectives. It encompasses population, territory, military preparedness, national character, economic and political power.
(c) National Interest: National interest is the action of the state in relation to other states. It refers to the aspirations of the state. The determinants of national interest are qualities of personalities and ideals of decision makers.
(d) Power Blocks: With the beginning of the Cold war. two power blocks emerged, i.e. USA and USSR. USA believes in the spread of democracy whereas the USSR sought the spread . of communism. It paves the way for the creation of power blocks on the basis of ideology in the world.
(e) Polarity : In International Relations, polarities refers to the arrangement of power within the international system. The concept arose from bipolarity during the cold war between the two super powers. The disintegration of the USSR has led to unipolarity with the USA as the super power. After 2010 China emerged as a major power in the multipolar world.
(f) Balance of Power: The concept of Balance of Power refers to relative power position of states in International Relations. It is an approximately equal distribution of power and inseparable part of the pow er politics.
