We have,
a2 – 14a – 51
Coefficient of a2 is unity. So, we add and subtract square of half of coefficient of a.
a2 – 14a – 51 = a2 – 14a + 72 – 72 – 51 (Adding and subtracting 72)
= (a – 7)2 – 102 (Completing the square)
By using the formula (a2 – b2) = (a+b) (a-b)
= (a – 7 + 10) (9 – 7 – 10)
= (a – 17) (a + 3)