(a) ∵ a*b=ab and b*a = b2a
∴ a*b ≠ b*a
So, operation is not commutative.
(b) ∵ a*b = ab and b*a = ba
∴ a*b ≠ b*a
So, operation is not commutative.
(c) ∵ a*b = a – a + ab
and b*a = b – a + ba
∴ a*b* ≠ b*a
So, operation is not commutative.
(d) ∵ a*b= a + b + a2b
and : b*a = b + a + b2a
∴ a*b* ≠ b*a
So, operation is not commutative.
Hence, any of these operation is not commutative.