In 1824 scientist Sadi carnot imagined a theoretical engine by which the heat taken from high temperature object when changed completely into useful work then the efficiency of the engine will be more. Carnot tried to find out if the maximum efficiency of an engine could be 100%. An ideal reversible heat engine working between two temperatures is called carnot’s engine.
Carnot Cycle : In carnot’s engine, starting from a definite state of working material passing through different reversible processes again gaining the initial position is called carnot cycle.
Carnot engine has following parts :
(i) Working substance
(ii) Source
(iii) Insulating Stand
(iv) Sink
(i) Working substance: The substance by which
work is done is called working substance. In carnot engine ideal gas is taken as working substance in a cylinder with a frictionless piston P.
(ii) Source: This is an object of high temperature
whose temperature T1K is constant. Is heat capacity should be infinite so that if the takes heat is no change? in its temperature.
(iii) Stand : This is a completely non-conducting object on which the working substance is kept and passed through adiabatic process.
(iv) Sink : This is a low temperature object with constant temperature T2K. It should also have infinite heat capacity so that on giving heat to its temperature does not change.
