The Great Plains of India extend from River Sutlej to the valley of River Brahmaputra.
This plain has been divided on regional basis into the following zones:
1. Punjab – Haryana Plains
2. Ganges Plains
3. Brahmaputra Plains
4. The Delta of Ganga and Brahmaputra
1. Punjab – Haryana Plains: This plain is spread in Punjab and Haryana. The north western Part of this plain has been formed by the deposits of alluvial soils brought out by the rivers Sutlej Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum. Doabs are found in this plain. The Bari Doab is located between the Rivers Beas and Ravi. The flood effected areas of two sides of rivers are called ‘Bat’ and pits formed in this way are called ‘Cho’. The plains of River Ghagghar found in this area are called the Haryana plains.
2. Ganges Plains: This plain is very fertile and even and is formed by the deposited sediments brought by the River Ganga and its tributaries Yamuna, Gomati, Ghagara, Gandak, Kosi, Betwa, Ken, Chambal and Son. This plain is spread from North of Aravalli up to West Bengal. It extends in eastern Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar – Pradesh, Jharkhand, Bihar and West Bengal. The slope of this plain is towards the east and the south – east. The small dunes found in this plain are called “Bhur”. In this plain, the regions of Rohilkhand, Awadh, Jharkhand and Bihar are included.
3. Brahmaputra Plains: It is mainly known as the Plain of Assam. It is spread between the Himalayas and Garo hills. It is narrow and long which has been formed with the alluvial soil brought out by Brahmaputra River. The length of this plain is 65 km from Dhubri to Sadiya and its width is 100 km. Due to the obstruction caused by the exuberance of soil in Brahmaputra River, many islands have been formed.
4. The Delta of Ganga – Brahmaputra: It is an even and a plain of less height, in which tidal water spreads all over. That is why this region is always marshy. The land that does not come under the influence of tidal water is called ‘Char’, and the land that comes under the influence of tidal water is called “Bil”.
