(a) (i) The Extremist leaders of the National Congress wanted to propose the name of Lala Lajpat Rai for the presidentship of the Congress against the official candidate Dr. Rash Behari Bose. This gave rise to separation between the two wings which led to the split in the Congress in 1907.
(ii) To placate the Assertive Nationalists the Calcutta session of the Congress in 1906 A.D. adopted “Su araj” as its goal and passed resolutions supporting Swadeshi and Boycott and National educaion. But the moderate section in the Congress did not like this development. The Radicals wanted to extend the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement to rest of India but the Moderates wanted to confine it to Bengal.
(b) (i) Lai Bal, Pal
(ii) They represented Aggressive/Assertive nationalists.
(iii) (a) Freedom is the birth right of every Indian.
(b) Supported the swadeshi goods and against the use of imported goods.
(c) The Aggressive Nationalists used Swadeshi, Boycott, National Education, Noncooperation and self-sacrifice as some of the methods to gain independence.
(i) Swadeshi : Swadeshi means producing necessary items in one’s own country or ‘of one’s own country.’ The Swadeshi idea was popularised by occasional bonfires of foreign cloth, salt and sugar.
(ii) Boycott: The promotion of Swadeshi was accompanied by the advocacy of Boycott. Swadeshi and Boycott were two sides of the same coin. Tilak said, “When you accept Swadeshi, you must boycott foreign goods.” Swadeshi and Boycott were not confined to goods only. Swadeshi gradually came to include everything Indian.
(iii) National Education : In order to achieve the objectives of the national movement, many new educational institutions were set up.
According to Tilak, the highlights of National Education were to be in the following areas : Secular education ; Religious or moral education ; Political education and Vocational or Industrial education.
(iv) Passive Resistance, i.e. non-cooperating with the British Government by boycotting government service, courts, schools and colleges.
