a. 1. Conversion of 2-methylbutan-1-ol into 2-methylbutanoic acid:
2. Conversion of phenylethene into benzoic acid:
3. Conversion of benzoic acid into meta-nitrobenzoic acid:
b. 1. Reaction of primary amine with benzene sulphonyl chloride gives corresponding N-alkyl benzene sulphonylamide.
Owing to the presence of strong electron withdrawing sulphonyl group, hydrogen attached to nitrogen atom in N-alkyl benzene sulphonylamide is strongly acidic and dissolves in aqueous KOH. On acidification of this solution, insoluble amide gets regenerated.
2. Reaction of secondary amine with benzene sulphonyl chloride gives N,N-dialkyl benzene sulphonylamide.
N,N-dialkyl benzene sulphonylamide does not contain acidic hydrogen. Hence, it is not acidic and is insoluble in aqueous KOH. It is also insoluble in acid.
3. Due to absence of hydrogen atom directly attached to the nitrogen atom, tertiary amines do not react with benzene sulphonyl chloride. The unreacted tertiary amine is insoluble in aqueous KOH but soluble in acid.
c. Uses of formaldehyde:
1. Formalin (40% solution of formaldehyde) is used as preservative for biological specimens.
2. Formaldehyde is used for silvering mirror.
3. Formaldehyde is used for the production of several plastic and resins, bakelite and binders in plywood.
