Role of oxygen: Oxygen drives the whole process by removing the hydrogen from the system. It acts as the final acceptor of hydrogen.
(i) Role of F0 - F1 particles: The F headpiece is a peripheral membrane protein complex and contains the site for synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
(ii) F0 is an integral membrane protein complex that forms the channel through which proteins cross the inner membrane.
(iii) Role of NADH: When NADH is oxidised to NAD in the electron transport system, the energy released by the proton is used to phosphorylate ADP into ATP.
