Correct Answer - Option 3 : Direct method
Dr. Michael Phillip West's 'New Method' of teaching English is a method that was based on three elements namely reading, readers with vocabulary, and the use of native language judiciously.
- Dr. West had done his research on the English language as a second language in India and developed it as a response against the direct method.
- This method focused on reading competencies both oral and silent.
- As the direct method of teaching English is mainly focused on speaking skills and emphasizes learning the target language directly without translating it into the mother tongue, the new method of teaching English emphasizes all the four basic skills (i.e., listening, speaking, reading, and writing) of learning a language.
- It is a method that facilitates the active participation of students in language learning.
- This method emerged as a method to overcome the limitations of the direct method.
Hence it is clear from the above points that Dr. West's method emerged as a method to overcome the limitations of the direct method.
| Direct method |
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The direct method, also known as the natural method is the method of teaching English as a second language.
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It is a method which:
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Facilitates the active participation of students in language learning.
- Focuses on speaking skills and contrasts with the grammar-translation method.
- Emp hasizes learning the t arget language directly without tra nslating it into the mother tongue.
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| Grammar cum translation method |
- In this method, the learner first learns grammatical rules and then applies those rules in translating sentences from the target language in the mother tongue.
- It focuses on writing skills.
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| Substitution method |
- Words are substituted with other words.
- It is of three types- simple substitution (only subject/object is changed), compound substitution (subject/object along with other parts of speech), and grammar substitution (change in structure).
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| Situational method |
- The Situational Approach is organized in terms of the purposes for which people are learning a language and the kind of language performance that is necessary to meet those purposes.
- Situational needs are taken as the starting point and a Situational syllabus is constructed to replace the purely Grammatical or Structural syllabus.
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