Correct Answer - Option 2 : Kilpatrick
William Heard Kilpatrick popularized the project method of teaching in the early part of the 20th century. According to him, a project is supposed to be a whole-hearted purposeful activity proceeding in a social environment. It aims at social development besides nurturing abilities for problem-solving.
The Project Method:
It is based on the view that experiences lead to learning. Hence, learners need to explore their environment, manipulate objects in their environment and thus learn from direct experiences. It may be assigned to individuals or groups.
According to Kilpatrick, there are four types of Project methods:
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Project through Construction: Construction of any physical model comes under the constructive project method. This includes building a model, writing/completing a story, developing a script for a play, etc.
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Project for Aesthetic development: Aesthetic project develops appreciation powers of the students through the musical programs, beautification of something like classroom decoration competition, appreciation of poems, reviewing musical/artistic work, etc.
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Project for Problem-solving: In this type of project develop the problem-solving capacity of the students through the experience. For example, a project on the issues and problems of the COVID-19 pandemic in a group.
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Project for Mastery of Skill and knowledge in a specific area: It involves the mastery of skill and knowledge in a specific area and thereby enhancing efficacy and capacity in that area: for example, developing basic computational skills in mathematics, developing reading, and writing skills in language learning, etc.
Hence, we can conclude that Kilpatrick is the correct answer.
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Dewey is the real propounded of project method and Kilpatrick popularized it but as per options given in the solution, the best one suits here is Kilpatrick only.
