Question

the ratio of number of protons, electrons, neutrons in the parent nucleus which gives N¹⁴ on emission of 2 beta particles respectively is:
1. 5, 5, 9
2. 7, 7, 7
3. 9, 9, 5
4. 6, 6, 8

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 1 : 5, 5, 9

Explanation-

_ZX^A → ₇N¹⁴ + 2 ₁e⁰

• X = Parent nucleus which gives N14 
• A  = Atomic mass
• Z = Atomic number 
• As there is the emission of two beta particles, 2 electrons will be emitted.

Let us balance, 

• A = 14 - 0 = 14 
• Z = 7 + (-2) = 5 
• This means that the atomic mass of the compound X is 14 and its atomic number is 5.
• Atomic number represents the number of protons and electrons, hence the number of protons and electrons is 5. 
• X can be thus represented as ₅X¹⁴.
• A number of neutrons =   atomic mass - the atomic number. 
• Number of nuetrons = 14 - 5 = 9 
• The number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in the parent nucleus is - 5, 5, 9. 

• Alpha decay - 
  • Alpha decay is a nuclear process in which an unstable nucleus transforms into a different element by ejecting a particle made up of two protons and two neutrons.
  • An alpha particle, also known as a helium nucleus, is the expelled particle.
• Beta-decay - 
  • In nuclear physics, beta decay (-decay) is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits a beta particle (fast energetic electron or positron) that transforms the original nuclide into an isobar of that nuclide.
  • For example, in beta decay, a neutron is turned into a proton by the emission of an electron and an antineutrino; in positron emission, a proton is changed into a neutron by the emission of a positron and a neutrino.
  • Beta-decay happens in one of two ways: a) when the nucleus emits an electron and an antineutrino in a process that converts a neutron to a proton; or b) when the nucleus emits an electron and an antineutrino in a process that converts a neutron to a proton. b) When a proton is converted to a neutron, the nucleus emits a positron and a neutrino.
• Gamma decay -
  • The initial step in the disintegration of a radioactive nucleus is the emission of an or particle.
  • The resulting daughter nucleus is normally excited, and it can decay to a lower energy state by producing a gamma-ray photon.
  • A gamma-ray, also known as gamma radiation, is a penetrating kind of electromagnetic radiation produced by atomic nuclei decaying radioactively. It is made up of electromagnetic waves with the shortest wavelengths and so has the most photon energy.