Question

Which Article of the Constitution of Indian Republic relates to the Protection of ‘Life and Personal Liberty’ ?
1. Article 19
2. ​Article 21
3. ​Article 20
4. ​Article 22

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 2 : ​Article 21

The correct answer is ​Article 21.

• Article 21 secures two rights: The right to life and the Right to personal liberty.

• Article 21 of the Constitution of India, provides,
  • “No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.”
• It cannot be suspended during an emergency.
• Right to Life comprises the following rights:
  • Right to livelihood.
  • Right to privacy.
  • Right to health.
  • Right to free education up to 14 years of age etc.
• Kharak Singh vs. the State of UP and Others: Right to privacy was included in Article 21 by this case.

Some other judgements related to Article 21:

• Subhash Kumar vs. the State of Bihar: SC included the right to get pollution-free air in the ambit of the right to life. 
• Sunil Batra vs. Delhi Administration: The court stated the “protection to the convicted and accused person” under Article 21.
• Lachma Devi vs. Attorney General of India: SC made the execution of a death sentence at a public place unconstitutional. 
• Mohini Jain vs. the State of Karnataka, 1992 SC: The SC held that the Right to life also includes the Right to education.  
• Unni Krishnan vs. the State of Andhra Pradesh, 1993 SC: SC fixed the age that right to education is a fundamental right to the children for the age of 6-14 years.