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Which pair is not correctly matched?
1. Environment → Physical development
2. Maturation → Cognitive development
3. Surroundings → Social development
4. Maturation → Emotional development

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Correct Answer - Option 1 : Environment → Physical development

The term “development” is generally used to refer to the dynamic process by which an individual grows and changes throughout its life-span. It is often thought of as the process of qualitative change taking place from conception to death. Types of development are:

  • Cognitive development refers to the growth and change in the mental capacity that begins in infancy and reaches maturity in adolescence. According to Piaget, Cognitive development is related to maturation via stages sensory-motor, pre-operational, concrete operational and formal operation. Ascending order for Cognitive development is sensory-motor >> pre-operational >> concrete operational >> formal operation
  • Social Development: It refers to the ability of the child to establish a relationship with persons in his/her environment. Social development takes place through family, friends, school and society i.e. surroundings of the child.
  • Emotional Development means a state of being “moved” from one stage to another. Outwardly, it shows itself in language or technology and inwardly it involves three qualities of experiences, which sometimes are clear and sometimes not so clear. First, it involves feeling such as jubilation or depression or anger or fear. Secondly, it involves an impulse towards some kind of action, such as an impulse to hit, or to run or to seek and prolong a pleasurable event. Third, emotion involves an awareness or perception of what it is or what it might be that produces impulses like joy and satisfaction; boredom (feeling of being fed up), laughter and humour, fear and anxiety, anger and hostility. Our emotions become stronger with the passage of time. There are different pattern of emotions during childhood and adulthood.
  • Physical development refers to the changes in size, structure and proportion of the body that take place from the time of conception. Bodily growth occurs through approximately the first 20 years of life in humans. Growth is more rapid and more likely to show spurts during infancy, early childhood and adolescence than during middle childhood. The environment is not a prominent factor that affects physical development.

Hence, we conclude that environment and physical development are not matched.

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