Correct Answer - Option 4 : calibration
The characteristics of measurement instruments that are helpful to know the performance of instrument and help in measuring any quantity or parameter are known as Performance Characteristics.
Performance characteristics of instruments can be classified into the following two types.
- Static Characteristics
- Dynamic Characteristics
Static characteristics:
The set of criteria defined for the instruments, which are used to measure the quantities which are slowly varying with time or mostly constant, i.e., do not vary with time, is called ‘static characteristics’.
The various static characteristics are:
i) Accuracy
ii) Precision
iii) Sensitivity
iv) Linearity
v) Reproducibility
vi) Repeatability
viii) Threshold
ix) Drift
x) Stability
xi) Tolerance
xii) Range or span
All the static performance characteristics of measuring instruments are obtained by Calibration.
Calibration: It is the process of configuring an instrument to provide a result for a sample within an acceptable range. Eliminating or minimizing factors that cause inaccurate measurements is a fundamental aspect of instrumentation design.
Dynamic characteristics:
The set of criteria defined for the instruments, which are changing rapidly with time, is called ‘dynamic characteristics’. The various dynamic characteristics are:
i) Speed of response
ii) Measuring lag
iii) Fidelity
iv) Dynamic error
