Correct Answer - Option 3 : Developmental
Intra- 'lingual or developmental errors originate in the following factors: simplification, overgeneralization, hypercorrection, faulty teaching, fossilization, avoidance, inadequate learning, and false concepts hypothesized.
- This error first source is interference from the native language while the second source can be attributed to intralingual and developmental factors.
- The native language of learners plays a significant role in learning a second language.
Developmental errors occur when a learner attempts to build up hypotheses about the language from his limited experience of it in the classroom or textbook.
Developmental errors indicate that the learner has started developing their linguistic knowledge and fail to reproduce the rules they have lately been exposed to in target language learning.
- Developmental errors are those that are similar to L1 learning errors.
- Developmental errors of L2 learners are brought about by two dominant languages- mother tongue (MT) and target language (TL) of the learners.
The developmental errors are of four types. They are as follows:-
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Overgeneralization: It covers instances where the learner creates a deviant structure based on his experience of both structures in the target language.
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Ignorance of rule restriction: It is the failure to observe the restrictions of existing structures, that is, the application of rules to contexts where they do not apply.
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Incomplete application of rules: It is the failure to observe the application of complete rules in a particular context.
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False concepts hypothesized: In this, the errors derive from faulty comprehension of distinctions In the target language. These are sometimes due to poor gradation of teaching items.
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Simplification- In this students use simple rules instead of more complex ones.
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Hypercorrection- It shows the over-application of rules in language learning.
Thus from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that developmental errors are common between a learner who is learning his mother tongue and the learner who learns the same language as a second language.
