Correct Answer - Option 3 : Only II
Swiss biologist and psychologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980) observed his children and their process of making sense of the world around them and how the mind processes new information encountered. In his ‘Theory of Cognitive Development’, he explained that children progress through four stages and in the same order.
The Four Stages of Cognitive Development:
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Stage
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Age
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Development
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Sensory-motor stage
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0 to 2
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- In this stage, infants progressively construct an understanding of the world by using their senses (vision and hearing) along with physical interactions with objects (grasping, sucking, and stepping).
- The development of object permanence is one of the most important accomplishments of this stage.
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Pre-
operational stage
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2 to 7
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- Children develop memory, curiosity and imagination.
- They are also able to understand things symbolically (playing house, having a tea party).
- Thinking is egocentric and doesn’t consider other’s viewpoints.
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Concrete Operational stage
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7 to 12
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- Ability to distinguish between their own thoughts and the thoughts of others
- children can classify objects by their number, mass, etc
- Ability to think logically about objects and events
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Formal Operational stage
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12 to older
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- At this stage, the adolescent or young adult begins to think abstractly and reason about hypothetical problems.
- Abstract thought emerges
- Teens begin to think more about moral, philosophical, ethical, social, and political issues that require theoretical and abstract reasoning
- Begin to use deductive logic, or reasoning from a general principle to specific information
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Hence, Piaget saw children making their own discoveries.
