NCERT Solutions Class 7, Social Science, History, Chapter- 3, DELHI: 12th TO 15th CENTURY.
1. Which ruler first established his or her capital at Delhi?
Solution:
Ananga Pala of Tomara Rajputs first established his or her capital at Delhi.
2. What was the language of administration under the Delhi Sultans?
Solution:
Persian was the language of administration under the Delhi Sultans.
3. In whose reign did the Sultanate reach its farthest extent?
Solution:
Sultanate reach its farthest extent in reign of Muhammad Tughluq.
4. From which country did Ibn Battuta travel to India?
Solution:
Ibn Battuta travelled to India from Morocco.
5. According to the "Circle of Justice", why was it important for military commanders to keep the interests of the peasantry in mind?
Solution:
According to the ‘circle of justice’ it was important for military commanders to keep the interest of peasantry in mind. As is clear from the following:
- A king survived on soldiers.
- Soldiers worked for salaries.
- Salaries came from revenue collected from peasants.
- Peasant would pay revenue when they are prosperous and happy. This in turn will happen when there is justice and honest governance.
6. What is meant by the "internal" and "external" frontiers of the Sultanate?
Solution:
The ‘internal’ frontier means the hinterland of the garrison town.
The ‘external’ frontier means the areas beyond the hinterland of the garrison towns.
7. What were the steps taken to ensure that muqtis performed their duties? Why do you think they may have wanted to defy the orders of the Sultans?
Solution:
To ensure that the muqtis performed their duties their office was made non-inheritable, and they kept getting shifted from one iqta to another.
8. What was the impact of the Mongol invasions on the Delhi Sultanate?
Solution:
Impact of the Mongol invasions on the Delhi Sultanate:
(i) The rulers of Delhi Sultanate raised a large standing army.
(ii) Alauddin constructed a new garrison town named Siri for his soldiers while Muhammad Tughluq emptied residents and the soldiers garrisoned there.
(iii) To feed the large number of soldiers, harsh taxes were imposed on peasants.
(iv) They started paying their soldiers in cash rather than iqtas.
(v) These measures posed a huge administrative challenge.
9. Do you think the authors of tawarikh would provide information about the lives of ordinary men and women?
Solution:
No, i don't think the authors of tawarikh would provide information about the lives of ordinary men and women because their writing was for praising the Sultans and get reward. They had nothing to do with common folks. Also they were the part of the administration and lived in towns and were mostly unaware of the life of common people.
10. Raziyya Sultan was unique in the history of the Delhi Sultanate. Do you think women leaders are accepted more readily today?
Solution:
Raziyya Sultan was unique in the history of the Delhi Sultanate because she is the first woman to became the ruler of the Sultanate. She was more able and qualified than all her brothers.
Yes, i think women leaders are accepted more readily today because of democracy. Now, the world has become an open minded in the terms of gender equality and would never mind in having woman as their leaders. Many woman in this period proved that a woman too can be at the top of leaders. Moreover, people widely supported the woman as their leader.
11. Why were the Delhi Sultans interested in cutting down forests? Does deforestation occur for the same reasons today?
Solution:
The Delhi Sultans cleared the forests in the Ganga-Yamuna doab and gave these lands to peasants in order to encourage agriculture. They also established new fortresses and towns in these lands to protect trade routes and to promote regional trade.
No, deforestation does not occur for the same reasons today. Nowadays, vegetation cover is being reduced due to over-population, urbanisation, and commercialisation.
12. Find out whether there are any buildings built by the Delhi Sultans in your area. Are there any other buildings in your area that were built between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries? Describe some of these buildings.
Solution:
Yes, there are several. Some of them are Buildings built between 12th and 15th century
- Jamali-Kamali Mosque.
- Sirifort.
- Begumpuri Mosque.
- Moth Ki Masjid.
- Raziyya’s Tomb.
- Qutb Minar.
- Tugalakabad Fort
- Firuz Shah Kotla
- Purana Quila
Other Buildings
