(i) x2 + 2xy + y2 – a2 + 2ab – b2.
= (x2 + 2xy + y2) – (a2 – 2ab + b2)
= (x + y)2 – (a – b)2
= {(x + y) + (a – b)} {(x + y) – (a – b)}
= (x + y + a – b) (x + y – a + b)
(ii) a – a6 + 2a3b3 – b6
= 9 – (a6 – 2a3b3 + b6)
= 32 -{(a3)2 – 2 × a3 × b3 + (b3)2}
= 32 – (a3 – 63)2
= {3 + (a3 – b3)} {3 – (a3 – b3)}
= (3 + a3 – b3) (3 – a3 + b3)
= (a3 – b3 + 1){-a3 + b3 + 3)